Description: PREFACE PART I Getting Started CHAPTER 1 Behavioral Research and the Scientific Method Preview Questions Why Study Research Methods and Data Analysis? What Rival Alternatives Are There to the Scientific Method? What Is Empirical Reasoning? How Is Empirical Reasoning Used in Psychological Science? How Do Extra-Empirical Factors Play a Role? What Does Behavioral Science Encompass? What Do Methodological Pluralism and Theoretical Ecumenism Connote? How Does Research Go From Descriptive to Relational to Experimental? What Are the Characteristics of Good Researchers? Summary of Ideas Key Terms Multiple-Choice Questions for Review Discussion Questions for Review Answers to Review Questions CHAPTER 2 Creative Ideas and Working Hypotheses Preview Questions What Is the "Discovery Phase" of Scientific Inquiry? What Are Hypothesis-Generating Heuristics? What Belongs in My Research Proposal? How Can I Do a Literature Search? How Should I Go About Defining Variables? What Identifies "Good" Theories and Working Hypotheses? What Is Meant by Independent Variable and Dependent Variable? Summary of Ideas Key Terms Multiple-Choice Questions for Review Discussion Questions for Review Answers to Review Questions CHAPTER 3 Ethical Considerations and Guidelines Preview Questions How Do Ethical Guidelines in Research Function? What Is Informed Consent, and When Is It Used? How Are Ethics Reviews Done and Acted Upon? What Are Obstacles to the Rendering of "Full Justice"? How Can a "Relationship of Trust" Be Established? How Do Scientific Quality and Ethical Quality Intertwine? Is Deception Ever Justified? What Is the Purpose of Debriefing, and How Do I Do It? How Is Animal Research Governed By Ethical Rules? What Are My Ethical Responsibilities When Writing Up My Research? Summary of Ideas Key Terms Multiple-Choice Questions for Review Discussion Questions for Review Answers to Review Questions PART II Observation and Measurement CHAPTER 4 Strategies of Systematic Observational Research Preview Questions What Is Meant By Systematic Observational Research? How Do Researchers Simultaneously Participate and Observe? What Can Be Learned By Quantifying Observations? How Is a Content Analysis Done? How Are Raters or Coders Chosen For a Judgment Study? How Are Situations Simulated in Experimental Research? How Do I Identify Rival Interpretations and Rival Hypotheses? What Is the Distinction Between Reactive and Nonreactive Observation? Summary of Ideas Key Terms Multiple-Choice Questions for Review Discussion Questions for Review Answers to Review Questions CHAPTER 5 Methods for Looking Within Ourselves Preview Questions What Are Uses and Limitations of Self-Report Measures? What Are Open-Ended and Fixed-Choice Items? How Are Personality and Projective Tests Used? What Are Numerical, Forced-Choice, and Graphic Ratings? What Are Rating Errors, and How Do I Control Them? What Are Semantic Differentials, Likert Scales, and Thurstone Scales? How Do I Prepare Items For a Questionnaire or an Interview? How Are Face-to-Face and Telephone Interviews Done? How Are Behavioral Diaries Used in Research? Summary of Ideas Key Terms Multiple-Choice Questions for Review Discussion Questions for Review Answers to Review Questions CHAPTER 6 Reliability and Validity in Measureme

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