Description: Summary. Preface. Biographic summary of the author. Glossary of definitions and units. 1. Nuclide fractionation in atmospheric nuclear explosions. Radionuclide composition of radioactive aerosol particles. 1.1 Major processes influencing the character of radioactive contamination after a tropospheric nuclear explosion. 1.2 Temperature regime in the fireball of a tropospheric nuclear explosion. 1.3 Formation of particle-camiers of radioactivity. Role of thermodynamic conditions in the fireball. 1.4 Radioactive products from nuclear explosions. 1.5 Thermophysical properties and radioactive transformations of major explosion products. 1.6 Activation of particles. 1.7 Characteristic features of fractionation of radioactive products from tropospheric nuclear explosions. 2. Basic features of radioactive particle formation and radionuclide fractionation in underground nuclear explosions. 2.1 Development of an underground nuclear explosion. 2.2 Release of radioactivity into the atmosphere and formation of a cloud and base surge in an underground nuclear explosion. 2.3 Characteristic featues of radioactive particles from an underground nuclear explosion. 2.4 Fractionation of nuclides in the radioactive particles produced by underground nuclear explosions. 2.5 Interpretation of data on fractionation. Scheme of particle activation in underground explosions. 3. Radionuclide composition of radioactive fallout from atmospheric nuclear explosions. Meteorological aspects of fractionation. 3.1 Meteorological aspects of fractionation. 3.2 Radionuclide composition of fallout near ground zero following atmospheric and ground/surface nuclear explosions. 3.3 Global and long-distance fallout. 4. Radioactive fallout from underground nuclear explosions. 4.1 Characteristics of major cratering explosions. 4.2 Radioactive cloud. 4.3 Radioactive contamination in the rubble zone and the cloud pattern. 4.4 Radionuclide composition of the fallout from an underground explosion. 4.5 Prediction of the radioactive contamination of surrounding land after an underground nuclear explosion. 5. Terrestrial contamination from Chernobyl and other power plant accidents and its radionuclide composition. 5.1 Dynamics of radioactivity release and the condition of radioactive aerosol particle formation from the Chernobyl accident. 5.2 Characteristic features of radioactive aerosol particles produced by the Chernobyl accident and their radionuclide composition. 5.3 Terrestrial contamination from the Chernobyl accident. 5.4 Radionuclide composition of the terrestrial contamination from the Chernobyl accident. 5.5 Analysis and reconstruction of the source of radioactivity release from the Chernobyl accident. 5.6 Modeling of close-in radioactive deposition (fallout) from the Chernobyl NPP accident. 5.7 Characteristic features of radioactive contamination from various nuclear accidents. 6. Reconstruction of contamination patterns from nuclear explosions and accidents. 6.1 The problems associated with the reconstruction of terrestrial contamination. 6.2 Terrestrial contamination after the Chernobyl and other NPP accidents. 6.3 Reconstruction of terrestrial contamination from nuclear explosions. 7. Radiation field from the radioactive clouds of a nuclear explosion. 7.1 Calculation of the surface radiation dose. 7.2 Influence of natural environmental conditions on the surface field. 7.3 Aerial survey. Determination of the total surface density of the terrestrial contamination from the measured dose rate. 7.4 Aerial survey. Estimation of the surface density of the terrestrial contamination by individual nuclides. 8. Remediation of contaminated areas. Rehabilitation of territories subjected to radioactive contamination and mobility of radionuclides. 8.1 Fractionation. 8.2 Radionuclide mobility after nuclear explosions and accidents. 8.3 Solubility and biological accessibility. 8.4 Radioactive contamination of vegetation and expe

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