Description: PART 1. Biological Issues ISSUE 1. Are Humans Naturally Violent? YES: Richard Wrangham and Dale Peterson, from Demonic Males: Apes and the Origins of Human Violence (Houghton Mifflin, 1996) NO: Robert W. Sussman, from "Exploring Our Basic Human Nature," Anthro Notes (Fall 1997) ISSUE 2. Does Evolutionary Psychology Explain Human Sex Differences? YES: David M. Buss, from "Psychological Sex Differences: Origins Through Sexual Selection," American Psychologist (March 1995) NO: Anne Fausto-Sterling, from "Beyond Difference: A Biologist's Perspective," Journal of Social Issues (Summer 1997) ISSUE 3. Are Genetic Explanations of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Faulty? YES: Jay Joseph, from "Not in Their Genes: A Critical View of the Genetics of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder," Developmental Review (December 2000) NO: Stephen V. Faraone and Joseph Biederman, from "Nature, Nurture, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder," Developmental Review (December 2000) After reviewing the literature on the genetic causes of ADHD, professor of psychology Jay Joseph concludes that such claims are unsupportedand that psychosocial causes need further exploration. Clinical psychologists Stephen V. Faraone and Joseph Biederman reject Joseph's conclusions on the grounds that he makes errors in scientificlogic and ignores much of the relevant research. PART 2. Research Issues ISSUE 4. Should Animal Research in Psychology Be Eliminated? YES: Peter Singer, from Animal Liberation (Ecco, 2002) NO: R. G. Frey, from "Justifying Animal Experimentation: The Starting Point," in Ellen Frankel Paul and Jeffrey Paul, eds., Why Animal Experimentation Matters: The Use of Animals in Medical Research (Transaction, 2001) ISSUE 5. Classic Dialogue: Was Stanley Milgram's Study of Obedience Unethical? YES: Diana Baumrind, from "Some Thoughts on Ethics of Research: After Reading Milgram's 'Behavioral Study of Obedience,'" American Psychologist (vol. 19, 1964) NO: Stanley Milgram, from "Issues in the Study of Obedience: A Reply to Baumrind," American Psychologist (vol. 19, 1964) Psychologist Diana Baumrind argues that Stanley Milgram's study of obedience did not meet ethical standards for research, becauseparticipants were subjected to a research design that caused undue psychological stress that was not resolved after the study. Social psychologist Stanley Milgram, in response to Baumrind's accusations, asserts that the study was well designed, the stress caused toparticipants could not have been anticipated, and the participants' anguish dissipated after a thorough debriefing. ISSUE 6. Is the Consumer Reports Conclusion That "Psychotherapy Helps" Valid? YES: Martin E. P. Seligman, from "The Effectiveness of Psychotherapy: The Consumer Reports Study," American Psychologist (December 1995) NO: Neil S. Jacobson and Andrew Christensen, from "Studying the Effectiveness of Psychotherapy: How Well Can Clinical Trials Do the Job?" American Psychologist (October 1996) Psychotherapy researcher Martin E. P. Seligman defends the conclusion of Consumer Reports that psychotherapy is effective bypointing to the importance of client satisfaction in the actual settings in which the clients are treated. Psychotherapy researchers Neil S. Jacobson and Andrew Christensen contend that the Consumer Reports study is essentially the sameas 40-year-old studies that have long been rejected as inadequate. PART 3. Human Development ISSUE 7. Do Mothers Who Work Outside the Home Have a Negative Effect on Their Children? YES: Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, Wen-Jui Han, and Jane Waldfogel, from "Maternal Employment and Child Cognitive Outcomes in the First Three Years of Life: The NICHD Study of Early Child Care," Child Development (July/August 2002) NO: Thomas M. Vander Ven et al., from "Home Alone: The Impact of Maternal Employment on Delinquency," Social Problems (May 2001) ISSUE 8. Does the Divorce of Parents Harm Their Children? YES: Judith S. Wallerstein, Julia Lewis, and Sandra Blakeslee, from The Unexpected Legacy of Divorce: A Twenty-Five Year Landmark Study (Hyperion, 2000) NO: E. Mavis Hetherington and John Kelly, from For Better or For Worse: Divorce Reconsidered (W. W. Norton, 2002) PART 4. Cognitive Processes ISSUE 9. Should Psychology Adopt a Theory of Multiple Intelligences? YES: Howard Gardner, from "A Multiplicity of Intelligences," Scientific American Presents (Winter 1998) NO: Linda S. Gottfredson, from "The General Intelligence Factor," Scientific American Presents (Winter 1998) Psychologist Howard Gardner argues that humans are better understood as having eight or nine different kinds of intelligence rather than ashaving one general intelligence. Psychologist Linda S. Gottfredson contends that despite some popular assertions, a single factor for intelligence can be measured with IQtests and is predictive of success in life. ISSUE 10. Do Adults Repress Childhood Sexual Abuse? YES: May Benatar, from "Running Away From Sexual Abuse: Denial Revisited," Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Human Services (May 1995) NO: Susan P. Robbins, from "Wading Through the Muddy Waters of Recovered Memory," Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Human Services (October 1995) May Benatar, a clinical social worker and lecturer, asserts that recent publicity on memories of sexual abuse has focused more on the"hype" of sexual abuse rather than on the actual prevailing act of sexual abuse. She maintains that repressed memories are a common response tochild sexual abuse and that they can be recovered in adulthood. Susan P. Robbins, an associate professor of graduate social work, contends that there is little support for the idea of repressed ordissociated memories of child sexual abuse in scientific studies. She also argues that outside sources can trigger or influence many inaccuratememories of child abuse. ISSUE 11. Is Drug Addiction a Choice? YES: Jeffrey A. Schaler, from Addiction Is a Choice (Open Court, 2000) NO: Alice M. Young, from "Addictive Drugs and the Brain," National Forum (Fall 1999) ISSUE 12. Do Multiple Personalities Exist? YES: Frank W. Putnam, from "Response to Article by Paul R. McHugh," Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (July 1995) NO: Paul R. McHugh, from "Resolved: Multiple Personality Disorder Is an Individually and Socially Created Artifact," Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (July 1995) Psychiatrist Frank W. Putnam de

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