Description: Each chapter concludes with Summary. 1. Drug Abuse: Social Contexts and Individual Consequences. The Extent of Drug Abuse in America. The Prevalence and Social Experience of Drug Abuse. Integrating Social and Medical Perspectives of Drug Abuse. 2. History of Drug Abuse and Legislation. Before Drug Regulation. Drug Use and Levels of Addiction Before Drug Regulation. Racism and Drug Laws. The Chinese and Opium SmokingBlacks and CocaineMarijuana, Blacks and Mexicans. The Pure Food and Drug Act. The Harrison Act. The U.S. Narcotics Bureau and the Legacy of Harry J. Anslinger. Anslinger and the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937. Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970. Comprehensive Crime Control Act 0f 1984. Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986. Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988. 3. Brain Function and Chemistry. Basic Anatomy of the Nervous System. BrainstemLimbic SystemCortex. Basic Brain Chemistry. Endocrinology: The Body's Chemical Network. The Role of Learning. Neurotransmitters and Neuropeptides. Synaptic Transmission Characteristics of Transmitters Opiate Transmitters. 4. Pharmacology. Methods to Administer Drugs. Oral Administration Injection Inhalation. Drug Distribution. Blood-Brain Barrier Placental Barrier. Drug Action. Deactivation and Elimination. Drug Dependence. Tolerance Withdrawal Drug Interactions and Effects. Dose-Response Relationship. Placebo Effects. Other Factors Influencing Drug Effects. Drug, Set and Setting. Drug Use, Abuse and Addiction. 5. Theories of Addiction. Theoretical Perspective. Biological Theories of Addiction. Inherent Reward Value of Abusable Drugs Genetic Influences Biological Systems. Psychological Theories. Psychological Predispositions. Sociological Theories. Anomie Theory Strain Theory Control Theory Labeling Theory Subculture Theory Social Learning Theory Morality and Values. Integrating Theories: The Diathesis-Stress Model. 6. Alcohol. The Extent of Alcohol Use in the United States. How the Body Responds to Alcohol. Varied Effects and Influences Alcohol's Effect on the Body. Psychoactive Effects. Tolerance, Dependence, and Withdrawal. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Development and Diagnosis of the Alcoholic. Vulnerability to Alcohol Use and Dependence. Biochemical Mechanisms Genetic Aspects of Alcohol Addiction Antisocial Personality and Alcohol Abuse Childhood Hyperactivity and Alcohol Abuse. Aggressive and Criminal Behavior. Alcoholism and The Family. The Dysfunctional Family Codependency. Treatment of Alcoholism. Pharmacological Strategies Detoxification Psychotherapeutic and Behavioral Treatments Alcoholics Anonymous. Summary. 7. Heroin and Other Opiates. Prevalence of Heroin Use in the United States. Classification of Opiates. Physiology and Metabolism of Opiates. Natural Opiates in the Brain. Methods of Administration. Medical Uses of Opiates. Addictive Properties of Opiates. Tolerance Physical Dependence Psychological Dependence Long Term Opiate Addiction Toxic Effects of Opiate Use. Opiate

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