A key contribution of this book is Nancy Foner's reassessment of the myths that have grown up around the earlier Jewish and Italian immigration -- and that deeply color how today's Asian, Latin American, and Caribbean arrivals are seen. Topic by topic, she reveals the often surprising realities of both immigrations. For example:
-- Education: Most Jews, despite the myth, were not exceptional students at first, while many immigrant children today doremarkably well.
-- Jobs: Immigrants of both eras came with more skills than is popularly supposed. Some today come off the plane with advanced degrees and capital to start new businesses.
-- Neighborhoods: Ethnic enclaves are still with us but they're no longer always slums -- today's new immigrants are reviving many neighborhoods and some arc moving to middle-class suburbs.
-- Gender: For married women a century ago, immigration often, surprisingly, meant less opportunity to work outside the home. Today, it's just the opposite.
-- Race: We see Jews and Italians as whites today, but to turn-of-the-century scholars they were members of different, alien races. Immigrants today appear more racially diverse -- but some (particularly Asians) may be changing the boundaries of current racial categories.

Drawing on a wealth of historical and contemporary research andwritten in a lively and entertaining style, the book opens a new chapter in the study of immigration -- and the story of the nation's gateway city.