Description: Typographical conventions Acknowledgements Introduction 1. PROTOTYPES AND CATEGORIES 1.1 Colours, squares, birds and cups: early empirical research into lexical categories 1.2 The internal structure of categories: prototypes, attributes, family resemblances and gestalt 1.3 Context-dependence and cultural models 2. LEVELS OF CATEGORIZATION 2.1 Basic level categories of organisms and concrete objects 2.2 Superordinate categories and experiential hierarchies 2.3 Subordinate categories, composite terms and word-formation 2.4 Basic level categories and basic experiences: actions, events, properties, states and locations 3. CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS AND METONYMIES 3.1 Metaphors and metonymies: from figures of speech to conceptual systems 3.2 Metaphors, metonymies and the structure of emotion categories 3.3 Metaphors as a way of thinking; examples from science and politics 4. FIGURE AND GROUND 4.1 Figure and ground, trajector and landmark: early research into prepositions 4.2 Figure, ground and two metaphors: a cognitive explanation of simple clause patterns 4.3 Other types of prominence and cognitive processing 5. THE FRAME AND ATTENTION APPROACH 5.1 Frames and scripts 5.2 Event-frames and the windowing of attention 5.3 Language-specific framing and its use in narratives 6. OTHER ISSUES IN COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS 6.1 Iconicity 6.2 Grammaticalization 6.3 Lexical change and prototypicality 6.4 Effects on foreign language teaching Conclusion References Index

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