Description: Introduction 1. Utterances, Sentences, Clauses, and Phrases The Most Important Parts of Speech Sounds: Phones, Phonemes, and Allophones Forms: Morphemes and Allomorphs /z/--A Highly Productive English Morpheme /d/--Another Highly Productive English Morpheme Problems with /d/ Note 2. Verbs, Tenses, Forms, and Functions Conjugating a Verb The Nine Morphological Patterns of Irregular Verbs Verb Tenses and Auxiliary Verbs: The Nonmodal Auxiliaries (Do, Be, Have) and the Modal Auxiliaries The Compound Tenses: Future and Conditional Verb Tenses'' Meanings and Uses Notes 3. Basic Structures, Questions, Do-Insertion, Negation, Auxiliaries, Responses, Emphasis, Contraction The Five Basic Structures Two Different Types of Questions The Role of the First Auxiliary (aux) Nonmodal Auxiliaries Be/Do/Have Can also Be Used as Lexical Verbs Wh-Words as Subjects vs. Wh-Words as Objects Selection Questions Declarative Questions Echo Questions Tag Questions Invariant Tags Elliptical Responses Emphasis and Emphatic Structures Contractions: A Summing Up Note 4. Modals, Prepositional and Particle Verbs, Transitivity and Voice, and Conditionality Modals and Perimodals Two-Word Verbs: Prepositional Verbs vs. Particle Verbs Transitivity: Active Voice, Passive Voice Intransitive Verbs and "Voice" Real-World Use of the English Passive: Pragmatic Constraints and Agent-Phrase Addition GET Passives Conditionality 5. Some Components of the Noun Phrase: Forms and Functions Person and Number Gender Case Expressing Possession: Genitives and Partitives Partitive-Genitive Constructions Determiners, Common/Proper Nouns, and Mass/Count Nouns Mass Nouns and Count Nouns Mass-to-Count Shifts Dual-Function Nouns: Nouns That Are Both Mass and Count Pronouns Pro-Words: Pronoun-Like Words for Clauses, Phrases, Adjectives, and Adverbs Note 6. Adjectives and Relative Clauses Attributive and Predicate Adjectives: Identification and Syntax The Syntax of Prenominal Attributive Adjectives Adjectives and Adverbs: The Comparative and Superlative Forms Relative Clauses, Relative Pronouns, and Their Antecedents When to Use Who and When to Use Whom Deleting Relative Pronouns: Creating Gaps and the Process of Gapping The Twenty Types of Relative Clauses Restrictive and Nonrestrictive (Relative) Clauses Relative Pronoun Clauses with Present Participles/Gerunds and with Past Participles Notes 7. Adverbs, It and There Referentials and Non-Referentials, and Fronting Adverbs It as a Referential, It as a Nonreferential Adverb Referential There, Existence-Marking Nonreferential There Emphasis by Peak Stressing, Solo Fronting, or Cleft Fronting Note 8. Compound Sentences: Coordination, Subordination Compound Sentences Coordinate Sentences Subordinate Sentences Tenseless Complements The That-Clause The Infinitive Complement Infinitive Complement with Equi-Deletion Infinitive Complement with Raising to Object Gerund Complement Purpose Complements Miscellaneous Complementation Patterns Summary of All Clausal Complementation Patterns Appendix Glossary of Terms Index

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