Description: Reigns of the Ch'ing (Manchu) Dynasty PART 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND 1. Introduction 2. Some Elements in the Chinese Intellectual Tradition Some Early Ch'ing "Nationalist" Thinkers The Early Jesuit Influence in China The Attitude of the Ch'ing Court toward the Westerners PART 2: RECOGNITION OF CHINA'S NEED TO KNOW THE WEST, 1839-1860 3. Commissioner Lin's Program for Meeting British Aggression Doc. 1. Lin Tse-hsu's Moral Advice to Queen Victoria, 1839 Doc. 2. A Letter of Lin Tse-hsu Recognizing Western Military Superiority, 1842 Doc. 3. Wei Yuan's Statement of a Policy for Maritime Defense, 1842 Doc. 4. Cantonese Denunciation of the British, 1841 4. The Policy of Conciliation Doc. 5. Ch'i-ying's Method for Handling the Barbarians, 1844 Doc. 6. Hsu Chi-yu's Acceptance of Western Geography, 1848 5. The Emergence of the Theory of Self-Strengthening Prince Kung and the Tsungli Yamen Doc. 7. The New Foreign Policy of January 1861 Feng Kuei-fen and his Essays Doc. 8. On the Adoption of Western Knowledge Doc. 9. On the Manufacture of Foreign Weapons Doc. 10. On the Better Control of the Barbarians The Taiping Rebels' Interest in Modernization Doc. 11. Hung Jen-kan's Proposals, 1859 PART 3: THE DESIRE FOR WESTERN TECHNOLOGY, 1861-1870 6. Tseng Kuo-fan's Attitude toward Westerners and their Machinery Doc. 12. Excerpts from Tseng's Letters, 1862 Doc. 13. Founding the Shanghai Arsenal Doc. 14. Tseng's Views on Treaty Revision, 1867 7. Li Hung-chang and the Use of Western Arms Doc. 15. Li's Letter to Tseng Kuo-fan on the Ever-Victorious Army, February 1863 Doc. 16. Li's Recommendation of Western Military Methods, June 1863 ,br>Doc. 17. The Tsungli Yamen Memorial of June 1863 on China's Defensive Strategy 8. Institutions for Linguistic and Scientific Studies (The T'ung-wen Kuan) Doc. 18. Li i-Hung-chang's Support of Western Studies, 1863 Doc. 19. Wo-jen's Objection to Western Learning, 1867 Doc. 20. The Tsungli Yamen's Rebuttal, 1867 9. Tso Tsung-t'ang and the Faochow Shipyard Doc. 21. Tso's Plans of 1866 PART 4: EFFORTS AT SELF-STRENGTHENING, 1871-1896 10. The Problem of Leadership: Personalities and Institutions Li Hung-chang and his Subordinates The Empress Dowager's Influence ,br>Doc. 22. Wen-hsiang's Warning of Disaster, 1874 11. Training Students Abroad The Educational Mission to the United States Doc. 23. The Proposal of Tseng and Li in 1871 Doc. 24. Letters of Li Hung-chang concerning the End of the Mission, 1880-1881 Students in Europe Doc. 25. Ma Chien-chung's Report on his Studies in France, 1877 12. Diplomatic Missions Abroad Doc. 26. Prince Kong's Discovery of International Law, 1864 Doc. 27. A Letter of Kuo Sung-tao from London, 1877 Doc. 28. Tseng Chi-tse's Account of his Audience with the Empress Dowager, 1878 13. Problems of the Industrialization Effort Doe. 29. Li Hung-chang's Defense of Building Steamships, 1872 The Principle of "Government-supervision and Merchant-operation" Doc. 30. The Criticisms of Cheng Kuan-ying, c. 1892 The Debate over Railroads Doc. 31. Shen Pao-chen's Purchase of the Shanghai-Wusung Railway, 1876 Doc. 32. Hsueh Fu-ch'eng's Support of Railroad Building, 1878 14. The Attempt at a Positive Foreign Policy Doc. 33. Kuo Sung-tao on the Futility of a War Policy, 1884 Building a Modern Navy Doc. 34. Chang P'ei-lun's Proposal

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