Description: 1: Knowledge, Reason and Experience: Descartes, Locke, Hume, and Kant: 1. Descartes, Knowledge and Certainty: Mind and Body. Foundations. Reason. The Self and Reason. 2. Empiricism: Locke and The Role of Experience in Knowledge: The Lockean Self. 3. Hume''s Empiricism: Impressions and Ideas. Sensation and Reflection. Resemblance, Contiguity, and Cause and Effect. Habit or Custom. The Humean Self. 4. Kant: A Priori and A Posteriori Judgements. The Matter and Form of Appearances. The Transcendental Aesthetic. What Is A Metaphysical Exposition'. The Metaphysical Exposition of Space. The Transcendental Exposition of Space. The Metaphysical and Transcendental Expositions of Time. Summary. Why We Can Only Know ''Appearances'', and Why They are Real, Not Illusions. Pure Understanding and Transcendental Knowledge. General Logic and Transcendental Knowledge. The Transcendental Analytic: The Analytic of Concepts. Synthesis. The Transcendental Deduction. 5. From Descartes To Kant: The Terrain of Themes in European Philosophy. 2: Knowledge, History and Society: Hegel, Nietzsche, Horkheimer, and Adorno: 6. Hegel''s Dialectical Account of Knowledge: The Critique of ''Immediacy''. Self-Consciousness and Subjectivity. Hegel''s Criticisms of Empiricism and Kantian Subjective Idealism. Representation. The Hegelian Dialectic. The Absolute and Self-Consciousness. 7. Nietzsche, Knowledge and The Demands of Life: Metaphysical Versus Historical Philosophy. Language and Metaphysics. The ''Origin of Knowledge''. Perspectivism. 8. The Frankfurt School: Horkheimer and Adorno: Horkheimer on Subjective Rationality. Criticisms of Positivism and Pragmatism. Adorno: The Critique of ''First Philosophy''. The Essay Form As Critique of ''Method''. 9. Mediations, Not Meditations: 3: Two Ontologies: Heidegger, Geleuze and Guattari: 10. Heidegger and The Question of Being: What Is It We are Asking About'. What Does It Mean To Ask A Question? . Who Is Doing The Asking'. ''the Ontological Priority of The Question of Being''. ''the Ontical Priority of The Question of Being'': Dasein and Its World. ''the Ontological Analytic of Dasein''. Dasein, Being and Temporality. Tradition and Metaphysics. Phenomenology. Present-At-Hand and Ready-To-Hand. The Being of Dasein As Being-With Others. The ''they''. Dasein As Being-Towards-Death. Authenticity, Inauthenticity and The ''Call of Conscience''. The ''Meaning of Being''. Three Criticisms. 11. Deleuze and Guattari: An Ontology of Becoming: ''Pure Events''. Language. A Stoic Ontology. ''Becoming Is [] Coextensive With Language''. Three Relations of Propositions: Denotation, Manifestation and Signification. The Primacy of Language Over Speech. Sense: The Fourth Dimension of The Proposition. Some Comments. A Thousand Plateaus. Three Semiotic Regimes. The Passional and Nomadic Semiotics. The Innocence of Becoming; The Innocence of The Nomad. A Retreat From Becoming Into Pragmatic ''Rules''. 12. Is Ontology Authoritarian? The Heidegger Question: 4: Anti-Humanism and The Problem of Ethics: Levinas and Derrida: 13. Sartre''s Cartesian Humanism: Heidegger Against Sartrean Humanism: The Problem of Causality. Heidegger''s Turn To Language. Liberating Language From Grammar. Do We Need Humanism'. Ethics and Being. 14. Levinas: The Ethical Versus The Ontological: Self and Other. Ethics Versus Freedom: The Priority of Metaphysics Over Ontology. The Face. The I As ''Enjoyment''. Language As The Teaching of The Other. 15. Derrida, Deconstruction and The Question of Ethics: Structuralism. Derrida and The Limits of Structuralist Thought. The Question of Metaphor Is A Question of Cultures. Heliocentrism Is A Phonocentrism. Speech and Writing. The Trace and Difference. Deconstructing Rousseau''s Essay on The Origins of Language. Deconstruction and Ethics. Derrida Contra Levinas. Levinas Contra Derrida. 16. Anti-Humanism and Ethics: 5: Politics, Ideology, Power, and Justice: Althusser, Foucault and Nietzsche, Lyotard: 17. Liberalism and The Justification of Political Right: 18. Al

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