Description: Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the First Edition 1. The Subject Matter of Logic 1.1. Logic and "Logical Form" 1.2. On the Nature of Propositions 1.3. Ambiguity 1.4. Logic and the Division of Labor 1.5. Some Syntactic Prerequisites Exercises 2. Predicate Logic I: Syntax 2.1. The Notion of "System of Formal Logic" 2.2. Quantifiers, Predicates, and Variables 2.3. Coherence Conditions on Variables 2.4. The Logicians'' Favorite Quantifiers 2.5. Rules of Inference Exercises 3. Propositional Logic I: Syntax 3.1. Propositional Connectives and Their Formation Rules 3.2. Rules of Inference 3.3. Axiom versus Rule of Inference versus Meaning Postulate 3.4. More on If 3.5. More on Conjunction 3.6. On the Structure of Proofs 3.7. Predicate Logic Supplemented by Propositional Logic Exercises 4. Propositional Logic II: Semantics 4.1. Truth Tables 4.2. How Do the Rules of Inference Constrain Truth Values? 4.3. Language and Metalanguage 4.4. Different Kinds of Completeness 4.5. Appendix A: More on Metalanguage 4.6. Appendix B: Sketch of a Proof of Semantic Completeness Exercises 5. A Digression into Set Theory 5.1. The Notion of "Set" 5.2. Operations on Set 5.3. Finite and Infinite Sets 5.4. Relations and Functions 5.5. Ensembles 5.6. Valuations 5.7. Proof by Induction Exercises 6. Predicate Logic II: Semantics 6.1. Truth in Predicate Logic 6.2. Predicate Logic with Identity 6.3. Vacuous Truth and Pragmatic Restrictions on Domains 6.4. Restricted and Unrestricted Quantifiers 6.5. Satisfiability and Validity Exercises 7. Further Topics in Predicate Logic 7.1. Linguistic Justification for S: Q''S 7.2. Russell''s Analysis of the 7.3. Sets in the Object Language; Extended Predicate Logic 7.4. Other Quantifiers 7.5. Mass Expressions 7.6. Polyadic Quantifiers Exercises 8. Sorts, Types, and Kinds 8.1. The Uniformity of the Domain; Sorts 8.2. Logical Types; Lambda Calculus 8.3. Kinds; Generic Propositions 8.4. Convergent ("Branching") Quantifiers 8.5. Conjunctions and Quantifiers Exercises 9. Speech Acts and Implicature 9.1. Speech Acts and Illocutionary Force 9.2. Conversational Implicature: Grice Saves 9.3. Conventional Implicature Exercises 10. Presupposition 10.1. Kinds of Presupposition 10.2. Some Possible Cases of Semantic Presupposition 10.3. Supervaluations 10.4. Pragmatic Presupposition 10.5. Broad and Narrow Conceptions of Falsehood 10.6. Discourse Referents Exercises 11. Modal Logic 11.1. Notions of Necessity 11.2. Syntax and Semantics for Modal Propositional Logic 11.3. Modal Predicate Logic 11.4. Strict Implication and Relevant Entailment Logic 11.5. Appendix: Converses of Theorems Exercises 12. Applications of Possible Worlds 12.1. "World-Creating" Predicates 12.2. Tense Logic 12.3. More on the Structure of Proofs Exercises 13. Many-Valued and Fuzzy Logic 13.1. Values between True and False 13.2. Fuzzy Predicate Logic 13.3. Fuzzy Sets 13.4. Degrees of Truth 13.5. Dimensions of Truth Exercises 14. Intensional Logic and Montague Grammar 14.1. Intensional Logic 14.2. Montague''s Approach to Syntax and Semantics 14.3. "Generalized Quantifiers" Exercises 15. Conditional Propositions 15.1. Counterfactual Conditionals 15.2. Indicative Conditionals Exercises Notes References List of Symbols Index

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