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The world's multinational enterprises face a spell of rough weather, Ray Vernon argues, not only from the host countries in which they have established their subsidiaries, but also from their home countries. Such enterprises -- a few thousand in number, including Microsoft, Toyota, IBM, Siemens, Samsung, and others -- now generate about half of the world's industrial output and half of the world's foreign trade; thus any change in the relatively benign climate in which they have operated over the past decade will create serious tensions in international economic relations. The challenge for policymakers, Vernon argues, is to bridge the quite different regimes of the multinational enterprise and the nation-state. Both have a major role to play, and yet they must make basic changes in their practices and policies to accommodate each other.
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