Description: ORGANIZING BLACK AMERICA is the first reference to document the many ways African Americans have come together to form organizations that affected every aspect of their lives. This A-Z volume provides complete coverage of African American associations in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, discussing their origins, goals, founders, membership, achievements, and failures, and the ways in which the organizations influenced blacks in America. Included are organizations established by African Americans, interracial organizations that served predominantly black constituencies, and organizations working in the interest of African Americans. The wide variety of these groups -- with focuses as diverse as women, youth, religion, civil rights, labor, athletics, education, health and welfare, and the arts -- is well reflected in this work.

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