Description: Foreword ix Preface xi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 What Is Suffering? 1 1.2 Why Worry about Animal Suffering? 1 1.3 When Can We Stop Worrying about Animal Suffering? 1 1.4 Recognising Suffering in Animals 7 1.5 Can Animals Go Mad? 8 1.6 What Constitutes Animal Suffering? 9 1.7 Conclusions 10 2 Stress 12 2.1 Stress Physiology 12 2.2 Stress-related Disorders 17 2.3 Restraint Stress 19 2.4 Stress-induced Analgesia 21 2.5 Stress-induced Seizures and Fits 21 3 Anxiety and Fear 22 3.1 Introduction 22 3.2 Anxiety 23 3.3 Experimental Models 25 3.4 Fear 26 3.5 Fright 28 3.6 Phobias 28 3.7 Panic 29 3.8 The Role of the Amygdala 30 3.9 Losing One''s Mother 31 4 Emotional Numbness and Deprivation 32 4.1 Anhedonia 32 4.2 Depression 33 4.3 Social isolation in the Newborn 34 4.4 Sensory Deprivation in Early Life 35 4.5 Sensory Deprivation in Later Life 36 4.6 Social Isolation and Barren Environments 36 4.7 Stereotypies and Neurotic Behaviours 37 4.8 Learned Helplessness 40 4.9 Post-traumatic Stress Disorder 40 4.10 Sleep Disorders 42 4.11 Weaning 44 4.12 Physiology of Emotions 45 5 Aggression, Overcrowding and Discomfort 46 5.1 Aggression 46 5.2 Overcrowding and Confinement 51 5.3 Discomfort 54 6 Exercise 56 6.1 Overexertion 56 6.2 Endurance Riding 57 6.3 Horse-racing Injuries 58 6.4 Greyhound Racing Injuries 61 6.5 Migration 63 7 Cold 64 7.1 Cold Discomfort and Pain 64 7.2 Skin Freezing and Chilblains 65 7.3 Hypothermia 66 7.4 Sensitivity to Cold 67 7.5 Hypothermia and Cold Survival 67 7.6 Cold in Combination with Starvation 69 7.7 Cold-induced Analgesia 70 8 Heat and Burns 72 8.1 Heat Stress 72 8.2 Heat Intolerance 73 8.3 Some Species Differences 74 8.4 Pain 75 8.5 Burns and Scalds 76 9 Thirst and Hunger 83 9.1 Thirst and Dehydration 83 9.2 Overhydration 86 9.3 Osmotic Stress 86 9.4 Hunger 87 9.5 Underfeeding 88 9.6 Emaciation 89 9.7 Inappropriate Diets 91 9.8 Forced Moulting 92 9.9 Force-feeding and Overeating 92 10 Pain 94 10.1 The Value of Pain 94 10.2 Pain Associated with Trauma 95 10.3 Ways in Which Animals Express Pain 99 10.4 Pain Pathways and Consciousness 102 10.5 Cortical Regions 106 10.6 Applied Neurology of Pain 107 10.7 Pain in a Given Context 119 11 Trauma 131 11.1 Injuries in Selected Body Regions and Tissues 131 11.2 Some Common Causes of Injury 133 11.3 Intended or Avoidable Causes of Trauma 142 11.4 Types of Injury 172 12 Sickness and Disease 183 12.1 Is Suffering an Inevitable Consequence of Being Ill? 183 12.2 Do the Behaviours Expressed During Sickness Serve a Purpose? 185 12.3 Cytokines and Sickness Behaviours 186 12.4 Cancer 187 12.5 Stress and Immune Function 188 12.6 Corticosteroid Therapy 191 12.7 Anaemia 191 12.8 Hazards of Improving Disease Control 191 12.9 Diseases Used for Controlling Pests 192 13 Digestive System 193 13.1 Nausea 193 13.2 Vomiting and Retching 193 13.3 Gut Pain 195 13.4 Diarrhoea 197 13.5 Gut Injuries 198 13.6 Stress and the Gut 198 13.7 Gastrointestinal Ulcers 199 14 Poisoning 201 14.1 Wartime Poisons 201 14.2 Environmental Toxicants 202 14.3 Vertebrate Pesticides 203 15 Respiratory System 207 15.1 Asphyxia 208 15.2 Breathlessness 209 15.3 Carbon Dioxide Inhalation 211 15.4 Drowning 212 15.5 Pulmonary Oedema 214 15.6 Hypoxia 215 15.7 Altitude Sickness 217 15.8 Decompression 218 15.9 Collapse of the Lung and Pneumothorax 219 15.10 Asthma and Allergies 219 15.11 Ammonia 220 15.12 Signs of Respiratory Distress 220 15.13 Agonal Gasping 222 16 Dying 223 16.1 Euthanasia 224 16.2 Decapitation 226 16.3 Religious Slaughter 227 16.4 Death from Brain Injury 227 16.5 Recognising Insensibility and Brain Death 229 References 232 Abbreviations 258 Index 260

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