Description: Acknowledgments 1. AMERICA, IBERIA, AND AFRICA BEFORE THE CONQUEST Amerindian Civilization on the Eve of European Conquest The Iberian World in the Late Fifteenth Century Atlantic Africa in the Fifteenth Century First Encounters in the New World 2. THE AGE OF CONQUEST The Conquest of MexicoThe Conquest of PeruThe Ebbtide of ConquestBlack Participation in the Age of ConquestConundrums and the Columbian Exchange4. RULING NEW WORLD EMPIRESImperial Organization and AdministrationThe Colonial Church4. POPULATION AND LABORChanges in the Colonial PopulationIndian LaborSlavery and the Slave Trade5. PRODUCTION, EXCHANGE, AND DEFENSEThe Mining and Sugar IndustriesInternational Trade and TaxationDefenseThe Colonial Economy6. THE SOCIAL ECONOMY: SOCIETIES OF CASTE AND CLASSEvolution of Colonial SocietiesThe ElitesUrban and Rural Middle GroupsThe Broad Base of Colonial Society7. THE FAMILY AND SOCIETYFamily: The Foundation of Colonial SocietyWomen in Colonial Societies and EconomiesThe Culture of Honor8. LIVING IN AN EMPIREColonial SettingsDaily Life in the ColoniesThe Cultural Milieu9. IMPERIAL EXPANSIONThe Spanish Colonies, 1680s to 1762Brazil in the Age of ExpansionNew Spain, Peru, and the Reforms of Charles IIIThe Emergence of the Periphery in Spanish America10. CRISIS AND POLITICAL REVOLUTIONSAn Era of War and Crisis for Spain and PortugalGovernments of Resistance and Political Revolution, 1808-181211. FROM EMPIRE TO INDEPENDENCEIndependence in Spanish AmericaPortugal and Brazil in the Age of RevolutionCuba: "The Ever Faithful Isle"Spain After the Loss of Mainland America12. EPILOGUE

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