Description: INTRODUCTION: Micheline Ishay, Human Rights: Historical and Contemporary Controversies PART I. THE ORIGINS: Secular, Asian and Monotheistic Traditions Introduction Micheline Ishay, Introduction I.1 Jacques Maritain, On the Ground for an International Declaration of Human Rights, UNESCO Report (1947) 1. Liberty, Tolerance and Codes of Justice 1.1 United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948): Articles 3, 5-12, 18-20, and 27 The Secular Tradition 1.2 Hammurabi Code: On Freedom of Speech and Civil Rights (c. 1700 B.C.E.) 1.3 Plato: "Justice in State and Individual," The Republic (c. c.360 B.C.E.) 1.4 Aristotle: On Justice and Political Constitutions, The Politics (c. 350 B.C.E.) 1.5 Cicero: The Laws (52 B.C.E.) 1.6 Epictectus: "Of Freedom," The Discourses (c. 135 B.C.E.) Asian Religions and Traditions 1.7 Confucius: On Rightful Conduct of Rulers and Subjects, The Analects (c. 479 B.C.E. -221 B.C.E.) 1.8 Kautilya: On the Penal System, The Arthashastra (c. 300 B.C.E.) 1.9 Asoka: "Against Religious Intolerance and Discriminiation within the Community," The Edicts (c. 272-231 B.C.E.) 1.10 Chinese Buddhist Verses: On Moral Conduct (early 4th century) Monotheism 1.11 The Hebrew Bible: On Universalism and the Ten Commandments 1.12 The New Testament (c. 50): On Faith and the Law 1.13 The Koran (c. 632): On Tolerance and Just Society 2. Social and Economic Justice 2.1 United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948): Articles 17 and 22-26 The Secular Tradition 2.2 Hammurabi Code: On Property (c. 1700 B.C.E.) 2.3 Plato: On the Community of Property, The Republic (c. 360 B.C.E.) 2.4 Aristotle: On Property, The Politics (c. 350 B.C.E.) Asian Religions and Traditions 2.5 Confucius: On Fair Distribution and Education, The Analects (c. 551-479 B.C.E.) 2.6 Kautilya: On Labor and Property Rights, Arthashastra (c. 300 B.C.E.) 2.7 Manu: On Property Rights, The Laws (c. 200 B.C.E.) 2.8 Buddhism: On the Limitation of Property and Altruism (c. 8 th century) Monotheism 2.9 The Hebrew Bible: On the Welfare of the Poor, the Laborer and the Stranger 2.10 The New Testament: On Greed and Charity (c. 50) 2.11 The Koran: On Social and Economic Aid (c. 632) 3. Justice, War and Peace 3.1 United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948): Articles 28-30 The Secular Tradition 3.2 Thucydides: On Justice versus Power, "The Melian Dialogue," History of the Peloponnesian War (c. 411 B.C.E.) 3.3 Plato: On How to Treat One's Enemy, The Republic (c. 360 B.C.E.) Asian Religions and Traditions 3.4 Confucius: On Peace and Economic Justice, The Analects (c. 551-479 B.C.E.) 3.5 Mencius: On the Right to Overthrow a Tyrant (c. 372-289 B.C.E.) 3.6 Asoka: On Peace and Justice, The Edicts (c. 272-231 B.C.E.) Monotheism 3.7 The Hebrew Bible: On Temperance in War and Peace among Nations 3.8 The New Testament: "Never Pay Back Evil for Evil." (c.50) 3.9 The Koran: On Just War (c. 632) 3.10 Saint Augustine: On War, Peace and Harmony, City of God (413-426) 3.11 Thomas Aquinas: On Just War, Summa Theologica (1265-1273) 4. Jus

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