Description: Preface 1. The Middle Ages and Their Heritage: The Idea of the Unity of Christendom Section One (c. 800-c. 1046) 2. The Revival of Empire: Charlemagne to Henry III 3. Serfdom and Feudalism 4. Religious and Political Ideals Section Two (c. 1046-c. 1216) 5. Empire and Papacy: The Beginning of the Struggle 6. The Expansion of Europe 7. New Movements in Thought and Letters 8. The Twelfth-Century Revolution in Government 9. The Crusades 10. Innocent III: The Papacy Triumphant Section III (c. 1216-c. 1330) 11. The Universities and the Friars: St. Thomas, St. Francis, and Abbot Joachim 12. The Struggle of the Popes and the Hohenstaufen 13. The Crusade in the Thirteenth Century 14. France and England: The Growth of National Communities 15. Boniface VIII and the Onset of Crisis in the Church Section Four (c. 1330-c. 1460) 16. Economic and Social Development in the Later Middle Ages 17. The Hundred Years War 18. Politics and Political Society in an Age of Wars 19. Upheaval in the Church: Avignon, the Great Schism and the Councils 20. Europe and the Infidel After the Crusades 21. Epilogue: The Break with Traditional Attitudes Appendix: Tables of the Royal Houses and Popes Bibliography Index

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