Description: I. Tobamoviruses.- 1 Tobacco Mosaic Virus: The History of Tobacco Mosaic Virus and the Evolution of Molecular Biology.- 2 Tobacco Mosaic Virus: Structure and Self-Assembly.- I. Introduction.- II. Structure.- A. Polymorphic Aggregates of Protein.- B. Detailed Molecular Structures.- III. Self-Assembly.- A. Nucleation.- B. Elongation.- IV. Conclusions.- References.- 3 Tobacco Mosaic Virus: Mutants and Strains.- I. Introduction.- II. Isolation of Variants.- A. Source and Properties of a Few Strains and Mutants of TMV.- B. Induced Mutants.- C. Apparently Induced but Possibly Spontaneous Mutants.- III. Contribution of Mutants and Strains of TMV to Virology and Molecular Biology.- References.- 4 Tobacco Mosaic Virus: Antigenic Structure.- I. Introduction.- II. Methods Used to Study TMV Antigenicity.- A. Fragmentation of the Protein.- B. Studies with Synthetic Peptides.- C. Cross-Reactivity Studies with Antipeptide Antibodies.- D. Cross-Reactivity Studies with TMV Mutants.- E. Studies with Monoclonal Antibodies.- III. Types of Epitopes Identified in TMV and TMVP.- A. Continuous Epitopes.- B. Discontinous Epitopes.- C. Neotopes.- D. Cryptotopes.- IV. Determination of the Binding Constant of TMV Antibodies.- V. Applications of Serology in TMV Studies.- A. Virus Detection.- B. Virus Classification.- References.- 5 Tobacco Mosaic Virus: Infectivity and Replication.- I. Introduction.- II. Infection and Pathogenicity.- A. Viral Ingress into the Plant.- B. Site of Viral Entry into the Plant and the Cell.- C. Virus Movement from Cell to Cell.- D. Long-Distance Virus Movement.- E. Symptom Determinants.- III. Replication.- A. Introduction.- B. Gene Organization.- C. TMV Life Cycle.- D. Cross-Protection versus Replication.- References.- 6 Tobacco Mosaic Virus: Epidemiology and Control.- I. Introduction.- II. The Disease.- A. Etiology.- B. Symptoms.- C. Identification.- D. Effects on the Host.- E. Economic Importance.- III. Epidemiology.- A. Sources of Inoculum.- B. Transmission.- C. Environmental Factors.- IV. Control.- A. Resistance.- B. Tolerance.- C. Prevention of Primary Infection.- D. Prevention of Secondary Spread.- E. Chemical.- F. Cross-Protection and Interference.- V. Discussion.- References.- 7 Tobacco Mosaic Virus: Cytopathological Effects.- I. Introduction.- II. Crystalline Inclusions.- III. Paracrystals.- IV. Angled-Layer Aggregates.- V. X-Bodies.- VI. Virus Aggregates in Chloroplasts.- VII. Other Types of Cytoplasmic Inclusions.- VIII. Nuclear Inclusions.- IX. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 8 Tobamovirus Classification.- I. Relationship among the Definitive Tobamoviruses.- A. Coat Protein.- B. "30K" Protein.- C. 3? Noncoding Region of the Genome.- D. The Genome.- E. Host Range.- II. Relationships between Tobamoviruses and Other Viruses.- III. Conclusions.- References.- 9 Tomato Mosaic Virus.- I. Introduction.- II. The Virus and Its Strains.- A. Symptomatologically Distinct Strains.- B. Strains (or Pathotypes) Differentiated by Host Resistance Genes.- III. Properties and Composition.- A. Properties.- B. Composition.- IV. Affinities.- A. Serological Relationships.- B. Molecular Hybridization Analyses.- C. Amino Acid Analyses.- V. Intracellular Occurrence.- VI. Epidemiology and Control.- A. Epidemiology.- B. Control.- References.- 10 Tobacco Mild Green Mosaic Virus.- I. Introduction.- II. Biological Properties.- A. Virus Strains and Their Economic Importance.- B. Host Range and Symptomatology.- C. Cytopathological Effects.- III. Physicochemical Properties.- A. Purification.- B. Particle Morphology.- C. Virion Properties.- D. Nucleotide Sequence Homology.- E. Protein Composition.- IV. Serology.- V. Interaction of TMGMV with Other Tobamoviruses.- A. Cross-Protection and Interference.- B. Interference at an Early Stage of Infection.- C. Structural Interactions of Particles.- VI. Virus Mutation versus Host-Induced Mutation.- References.- 11 Ribgrass Mosaic Virus.- I. Introduction.- II. Biological Properties.- A. Isolates and Strains of RMV and Their Economic Importance.- B. Symptomatology and Host Range.- C. Cytopathology.- III. Physicochemical Properties.- A. Purification.- B. Particle Morphology.- C. Virion Properties.- D. The Coat Protein.- E. Structural Interactions.- IV. Serology.- References.- 12 Odontoglossum Ringspot Virus.- I. Historical Review.- II. Structure.- III. ORSV Mutants or Strains.- IV. Antigenic Structure.- V. Pathogenicity.- VI. Transmission, Epidemiology, Control.- VII. Cytopathology.- References.- 13 Sunn-Hemp Mosaic Virus.- I. Introduction.- II Important Diseases and Their Geographical Distribution.- III. Host Range and Symptoms.- A. Diagnostic Species.- B. Inclusion Bodies.- C. Physiological Changes.- D. Interaction with Viruses and Fungi.- IV. Strains.- A. Probable Strains.- B. Thermophilic Strain.- C. Host-Induced Changes.- V. Transmission.- A. Vector Transmission.- B. Seed Transmission.- VI. Stability in Sap.- VII. Serological Relationships.- VIII. Properties of Particles.- A. Structure and Sedimentation.- B. Ultraviolet Absorption.- IX. Particle Composition.- A. Protein.- B. Nucleic Acid.- X. Biological Significance of the Two Types of Particles.- A. Relative Production of Short and Full-Length Particles in Plants.- B. Separation of Short and Full-Length Particles.- C. Infectivity.- D. Translation of RNAs from Short and Full-Length Particles in Cell-Free Systems.- E. Polyribosome-Associated Coat Protein mRNA in Plants.- XI. Ecology and Control.- XII. General Remarks.- References.- 14 Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus.- I. Introduction.- II. Strains.- A. Type Strain (Cucumber Virus 3).- B. Cucumber Aucuba Mosaic Strain (Cucumber Virus 4).- C. Watermelon Strain.- D. Japanese Cucumber Strain.- III. Virus Particle.- IV. Genomic and Subgenomic RNA.- A. Nucleotide Composition and Sequence of Genomic RNA.- B. Coat Protein and 30K Protein Cistron.- C. Nucleotide Sequence of the Assembly Origin and Comparison with That of TMV.- D. The 3? Noncoding Region.- E. Subgenomic RNA.- V. Coat Protein.- A. Amino Acid Sequence.- B. Anomalous Mobility of the CGMMV Coat Protein on SDS--Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis.- C. Aggregation State of the Coat Protein.- D. RNA Location in the CGMMV Protein Disk.- VI. Virus Particle Assembly in Vitro.- A. Specificity of the Assembly Reaction in Vitro.- B. Studies on TMV Assembly Using the CGMMV Protein.- References.- 15 Miscellaneous Tobamoviruses.- I. Introduction.- II. The Viruses and Their Natural Occurrence.- A. The Viruses and Their Hosts.- B. Intracellular Occurence of the Viruses.- III. Properties.- A. General Properties of Particles.- B. Composition.- IV. Serological Affinities.- References.- II. Fungus-Transmitted and Similar Labile Rod-Shaped Viruses.- 16 Fungus-Transmitted and Similar Labile Rod-Shaped Viruses.- I. Introduction.- II. The Viruses and Their Natural Hosts.- A. The Viruses and the Diseases They Cause.- B. Intracellular Occurrence and Cytopathology.- III. Transmission and Disease Control.- A. Fungal Vectors and Virus--Vector Relationships.- B. Seed Transmission.- IV. Virus Purification.- V. Properties of Virus Particles.- A. Morphology, Size, Structure, and Infectivity.- B. General Properties.- C. Composition.- D. Serological Affinities.- VI. Taxonomy.- References.- III. Tobraviruses.- 17 Tobraviruses.- I. Recognition and Characteristics of the Tobravirus Group.- A. Members and Their Geographical Distribution.- B. General Properties of Tobraviruses.- II. Tobravirus Particles and Their Components.- A. Particle Morphology and Structure.- B. Particle Protein Size and Structure.- C. The RNA Species and Their Structure.- D. Particle Protein Aggregation and Nucleoprotein Reassembly.- III. Variation and Relationships.- A. Biological Variation.- B. Antigenic Variation.- C. Cross-Protection between Isolates.- D. Pseudorecombinant Formation.- E. RNA Sequence Homologies.- F. Pseudorecombination in Nature.- G. Classification of Tobraviruses.- IV. Replication and Genome Strategy.- A. Multiplication in Plants.- B. Replication in Protoplasts.- C. Interactions with Cells.- D. Strategy of Genome Expression.- E. Distribution of Genetic Determinants.- V. Natural History.- A. Diseases Caused.- B. Nematode Transmission.- C. Seed Transmission.- D. Ecology.- E. Control.- VI. Detection and Identification.- VII. Affinities with Other Virus Groups.- VIII. Special Features.- References.- IV. Hordeiviruses.- 18 Hordeiviruses: Biology and Pathology.- I. Introduction.- II. Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus.- A. Main Characteristics.- B. Geographical Distribution.- C. Host Range and Symptomatology.- D. Strains.- E. Cytological Effects on Host.- F. Physiological Effects on Host.- G. Transmission through Pollen and Seed.- H. Methods of Disease Diagnosis and Virus Detection.- I. Economic Significance.- J. Epidemiology.- K. Control.- III. Poa Semilatent Virus.- IV. Lychnis Ringspot Virus.- V. Closing Remarks.- References.- 19 Hordeiviruses: Structure and Replication.- I. Introduction.- II. General Biological Characteristics.- III. The Virions and Their Substructural Components.- A. Purified BSMV.- B. Coat Protein.- C. Polymerization of the Capsid Protein and Virion Reassembly.- IV. Genome Structure and Expression.- A. Multipartite Nature of the Genome.- B. Sequence Relationship among BSMV RNAs.- C. Changes in the Set of Virion RNAs upon Laboratory Passaging of BSMV.- D. Structure of the 3?-Terminal Region of BSMV RNAs.- E. Translation in Vitro of Individual BSMV RNAs.- F. Subgenomic RNAs of BSMV.- G. Replication of BSMV.- H. BSMV-Induced Mutagenesis in Host Plants.- V. Concluding Remarks.- References.

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