Description: COSMOLOGICAL MODELS Cargse Lectures 1998.- 1 Basic relations.- 2 1 + 3 covariant description and equations.- 3 Tetrad description.- 4 FLRW universes and observational relations.- 5 Solutions with symmetries.- 6 Bianchi universes (s = 3).- 7 Almost-FLRW universes.- 8 CBR anisotropies.- 9 Conclusion and open issues.- Topology of the Universe: Theory and Observation.- 1 Introduction.- 2 A Brief History of Cosmological Topology.- 3 Mathematical background.- 4 Topology and Cosmology.- 5 Observational methods, candidates and constraints.- 6 Conclusion.- Symmetries in General Relativity and Beyond.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Spaces and manifolds.- 3 Connections on a manifold.- 4 Relativity and the Poincar group.- 5 Extending.- 6 Conclusion.- Gravitational Lenses.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Physical mechanisms.- 3 The case of a point-like mass distribution.- 4 Gravitational lenses in Cosmology.- 5 Galaxy clusters as gravitational lenses.- 6 The weak lensing regime.- 7 The weak lensing as a probe of the Large-Scale Structures.- Cosmological Applications of Gravitational Lensing.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Some important quantities and properties.- 3 Academic examples.- 4 Astrophysical examples.- 5 Conclusion and future prospects.- Measurement of Cosmological Parameters Using Type Ia Supernovae.- 1 Which cosmological parameters - How ?.- 2 Type Ia SNe are excellent cosmological tools.- 3 Detection/Follow-up of distant SNe.- 4 Recent results on Ho, QM and QA from SNe Ia.- 5 The (near) future.- Primordial Nucleosynthesis.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Theory.- 3 Abundances.- 4 Chemical evolution.- 5 Likelihood analysis.- 6 Constraints from BBN.- 7 Summary.- Searches For Dark Matter.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Wimps.- 3 Axions.- 4 Neutrinos.- 5 Machos.- Temperature Anisotropies of the Cosmic Microwave Background.- 1Introduction.- 2 Temperature fluctuations of the CAM.- 3 Angular power spectrum of the primary anisotropies.- 4 The Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect.- 5 In homogeneous re-ionisation.- Primordial Galaxies: From Local Hii Galaxies to High Redshift Galaxies.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The HII galaxies.- 3 The early IUE observations and interpretations.- 4 HST observations.- 5 The role of the velocity structure of the ISM.- 6 The evolution of superbubbles in extended HI halos.- 7 Discussion.- Active Galactic Nuclei.- 1 Short Historic, Basic Properties.- 2 Physical Properties.- 3 Statistics.- 4 AGN and Cosmology.- 5 Prospects.- 6 Bibliography.- Cosmic Velocity Fields.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Friedmann models and horizons.- 3 The Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect.- 4 Statistics and Fourier analysis.- 5 Newtonian fluid equations.- 6 Method and data.- 7 Reconstruction of velocity fields.

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