Description: 1. Introduction 2. Historical background & physical principles of photon counting 3. Experimental set-up 3.1. Laser sources 3.2. Optics 3.3. Scanning devices 3.4. Optoelectronic detectors 3.5. Electronics 3.5.1. TCSPC electronics 3.5.2. Router 3.5.3. Scan synchronization 3.6. Data acquisition 3.6.1. Histogram mode 3.6.2. TTTR mode 4. Single-photon counting in fluorescence 4.1. Physical principles of fluorescence 4.2. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) 4.3. Fluorescence intensity distribution analysis and related techniques (FIDA, FIMDA) 4.4. Fluorescence anisotropy measurements 4.5. Fluorescence lifetime measurements (Time-correlated single-photon counting) 4.6. Advanced multivariant spectroscopic techniques and data analysis (FCS-TCSPC, Single molecule burst analysis) 5. Confocal detection on surfaces 5.1. Image reconstruction 5.2. Intensity imaging 5.3. Polarization imaging 5.4. Lifetime imaging 6. Application examples 6.1. Photophysics 6.2. Conformational studies of DNA, RNA, and proteins 6.3. Chemical kinetics 6.4. Analytical chemistry 6.5. Related non-fluorescence topic 7. Conclusion Appendix: Measurement examples and practical hints for data analysis

Please Wait